|
Сообщение от Юрий
Майкл, я не поленился, просмотрел ссылки, которые вы указали.
1. С чего это вы взяли, что участники здешнего форума изобретают велосипед? Уровень статей весьма средний и если уж сравнивать, то на здешнем форуме на мой взгляд насыщенность идеями гораздо выше.
2. А где по вашим ссылкам, собственно, что-то полезное можно подчерпнуть по теме АДДИКЦИЯ и ЭТОЛОГИЯ?
Antisocial Personality Disorder,
Alcohol, and Aggression
F. Gerard Moeller, M.D., and Donald M. Dougherty, Ph.D.
Сразу перейду к их выводу:However, it is unlikely that any
one factor can sufficiently explain the
association between alcohol consumption
and increased aggression.
А стоило тогда всю кашу заваривать? То, что агрессоры более склонны к аддикции все и так знают.
THE SOCIOBIOLOGY OF SOCIOPATHY: AN INTEGRATED EVOLUTIONARY MODEL
Linda Mealey
Department of Psychology
College of St. Benedict
St. Joseph, MN 56374
1. The Model:
1.1 The evolutionary role of emotion
Griffiths (1990) points out that most of the important features of emotion argue for an evolutionary design: emotions are generally involuntary, and are often "intrusive" (p 176); they cause rapid, coordinated changes in the skeletal/muscular system, facial expression, vocalization, and the autonomic nervous system; they are to a large extent innate, or at least "prepared" (see Seligman 1971)
Nesse (1990) likewise posits an evolutionary model in which emotions are: "specialized modes of operation, shaped by natural selection, to adjust the physiological, psychological, and behavioral parameters of the organism in ways that increase its capacity and tendency to respond to the threats and opportunities characteristic of specific kinds of situations" (p 268).
Nesse's explanation is based on the models of Frank (1988) and Hirshleifer (1987), which posit that ex post facto feelings lead to behavioral expressions which are read by others and can be used to judge a person's likely future behavior
Забавно, Майкл ссылается на Линду, которая ссылается на Гриффита и Несса которые в свою очередь базируются на модели Франка. А идея Франка стара и очевидна - люди сначала чувствуют, потом выражают чувства - это дает сигнал о намерениях, сигнал видят окружающие, которые предвосхищают поведение друг дружки.
the outward expression of emotion will serve as a reliable indicator to others as to how a person is likely to behave in the future.
Frank presents data from a variety of studies suggesting that people do often behave irrationally (emotionally) in many dyadic and triadic interactions- sometimes even when it is clear that there will be no future opportunity to interact again with the same partner. These studies support the suggestion that in social situations, one's emotional response will often prevail over logic, and that the reason is that such behavior is, in the long-term, adaptive under conditions when one's reputation can follow or precede one.
Тоже жутко огромадный вклад в эволюционную психологию.
И все это для того, чтобы сделать вывод:
As long as evolutionary pressures for emotions to be reliable communication and commitment devices leading to long-term, cooperative strategies coexist with counter-pressures for cheating, deception, and "rational" short-term selfishness, a mixture of phenotypes will result, such that some sort of statistical equilibrium will be approached. Cheating should thus be expected to be maintained as a low-level, frequency-dependent strategy, in dynamic equilibrium with changes in the environment which exist as counter-pressures against its success.
Идею динамического равновесия обманщиков и доверчивых в популяции очень даже подробно обсуждали на данном форуме.
1.2 Game theory and evolutionarily stable strategies
I would like to suggest an evolutionary model in which sociopaths are a type of cheater- defector in our society of mixed-strategy interactionists. I will be arguing that sociopathy appears in two forms ... one version that is the outcome of frequency-dependent, genetically based individual differences in use of a single (antisocial) strategy (which I will refer to as "primary sociopathy") and another that is the outcome of individual differences in developmental response to the environment, resulting in the differential use of cooperative or deceptive social strategies (which I will refer to as "secondary sociopathy"). To support this model, I will provide evidence that there are predictable differences in the use of cheating strategies across individuals, across environments, and within individuals across environments; this evidence will integrate findings from the fields of behavior genetics, child psychology, personality theory, learning theory, and social psychology.
Другими словами существуют придурки врожденные и те которым выгодно прикидываться врожденными придурками - еще одно чужое "великое" открытие.
Ну и так далее. В псевдонаучном стиле излагаются банальности и, Майкл, НИЧЕГО НОВОГО.
|
24.02.2007, 09:55
Линейный вид
